/* ==========================================================================
   IUEA Journals - Custom Styles
   Brand Colors:
   - Primary: #8B1A1A
   - Primary Hover: #6E1414
   - Accent: #F5C518
   - Text Dark: #1A1A1A
   - Text Medium: #5B5B5B
   - Background: #F7F5F2
   - Background Light: #FFFFFF
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  --primary-color: #8B1A1A;
  --primary-hover: #6E1414;
  --accent-color: #F5C518;
  --text-dark: #1A1A1A;
  --text-medium: #5B5B5B;
  --bg-light: #FFFFFF;
  --bg-offwhite: #F7F5F2;
  --border-radius: 8px;
  --box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  /* IUEA brand aliases (used in inline styles across journal pages) */
  --iuea-maroon: #800000;
  --iuea-maroon-dark: #600000;
  --iuea-gray: #333333;
  --iuea-gray-light: #555555;
  --iuea-surface: #f0efef;
  --iuea-white: #ffffff;
  --iuea-gold: #cba052;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  background-color: var(--bg-offwhite);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-family: 'Fraunces', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', Georgia, serif;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Consistent section rhythm — generous whitespace reads as institutional */
section {
  scroll-margin-top: 90px;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

ul {
  list-style: none;
}

.container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Buttons
   ========================================================================== */

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 10px 24px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.btn-primary {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.25);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background-color: var(--primary-hover);
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.35);
}

/* Primary high-contrast CTA — gold reserved for this moment */
.btn-accent {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffd23f, var(--accent-color));
  color: #1a1a1a;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 12px 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.4);
}

.btn-accent:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-color), #e0b415);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.5);
}

.btn-accent i {
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

.btn-accent:hover i {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

.btn-outline-white {
  border-color: #fff;
  color: #fff;
  background-color: transparent;
}

.btn-outline-white:hover {
  background-color: #fff;
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

.btn-pill {
  padding: 6px 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.btn-pill:hover {
  background-color: #e0e0e0;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Navbar
   ========================================================================== */
.navbar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  background-color: var(--bg-light);
  box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
  padding: 15px 0;
}

.navbar .container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}

.brand img {
  height: 50px;
}

.brand-text {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.brand-title {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  line-height: 1.1;
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
}

.brand-subtitle {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 25px;
}

.nav-links a {
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
}

/* Refined underline animation on hover */
.nav-links a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1);
}

.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a.active::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a.active {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.nav-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 15px;
}

.account-icon {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s;
}

.account-icon:hover {
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Hero Section
   ========================================================================== */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  /* Optional: Background image overlay with linear gradient */
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.85), rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.9)), url('../assets/images/932f84b104f04968a9ba1a46f7ad12bb.jpg') center/cover;
  padding: 120px 0 160px;
  text-align: center;
  color: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero h1 {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 3.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.hero p {
  max-width: 700px;
  margin: 0 auto 35px;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

.hero-buttons {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 15px;
}

/* Curve at bottom of hero */
.hero-curve {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  line-height: 0;
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.hero-curve svg {
  display: block;
  width: calc(100% + 1.3px);
  height: 60px;
}

.hero-curve .shape-fill {
  fill: var(--bg-offwhite);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Three Card Row (Overlap)
   ========================================================================== */
/* Cards no longer overlap the hero — the trust strip sits between them,
   so the old -80px pull-up would collide with it. */
.feature-cards-section {
  margin-top: 0;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 10;
  padding-top: 90px;
  padding-bottom: 90px;
}

.cards-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 30px;
}

/* Designed cards: accent top border, layered shadow, satisfying lift */
.feature-card {
  background: var(--bg-light);
  padding: 44px 32px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.07);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04), 0 12px 28px -18px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.18);
  text-align: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1), box-shadow 0.35s ease, border-top-color 0.35s ease;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.feature-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1);
}

.feature-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-8px);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 48px -16px rgba(60, 10, 10, 0.22);
}

.feature-card:hover::before {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.feature-icon {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.12), rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.14));
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 18px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  transition: transform 0.35s ease;
}

.feature-card:hover .feature-icon {
  transform: scale(1.08) rotate(-3deg);
}

.feature-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.feature-card p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.card-link {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, text-decoration-color 0.2s ease;
}

.card-link:hover {
  color: var(--primary-hover);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   About Teaser
   ========================================================================== */
.about-section {
  padding: 110px 0;
}

.about-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: center;
}

.eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  background-color: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.07);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  padding: 6px 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1.4px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.eyebrow::before {
  content: "";
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent-color);
}

.about-content h2 {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.about-content p {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.about-feature-box {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 50px 40px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
}

.about-feature-box h3 {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.about-feature-box p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.feature-tiles {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.tile {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 20px 15px;
  text-align: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.tile i {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #fff;
}

.tile span {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.process-pills {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
}

.process-pill {
  padding: 6px 16px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.process-pill.highlight {
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

/* Section Header (Shared across homepage & interior pages) */
.section-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 44px;
}

.section-header-left {
  max-width: 680px;
}

.section-header-left h2 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.8vw, 2.8rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  margin: 10px 0 12px;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.section-header-left p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.news-more-wrap {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 48px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   News & Updates — Modern Editorial Hub & Dispatches
   ========================================================================== */
.news-hub-section,
.news-section {
  padding: 80px 0 30px;
  background-color: var(--bg-offwhite, #F7F5F2);
  position: relative;
}

/* 1. FEATURED UPDATE SPOTLIGHT CARD */
.featured-update-wrapper {
  margin-bottom: 56px;
}

.featured-update-card {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #460909 0%, #6E1414 45%, #1F0606 100%);
  border-radius: 22px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.28);
  box-shadow:
    0 24px 60px -15px rgba(60, 10, 10, 0.35),
    0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  position: relative;
}

.featured-update-content {
  padding: 48px 46px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.featured-badges {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.badge-featured {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.2);
  color: var(--accent-color);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.45);
  padding: 5px 12px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.badge-journal {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 5px 13px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

.badge-journal.badge-bm {
  background: rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.15);
  border-color: rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.4);
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

.featured-update-content h2 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  line-height: 1.22;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.featured-update-content p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  max-width: 620px;
}

.update-meta-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.update-meta-row span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.update-meta-row .meta-deadline {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  background: rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.12);
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.25);
}

.featured-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Featured Right Visual Plate with Acronym Watermark */
.featured-update-visual {
  position: relative;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 60% 40%, rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.15) 0%, transparent 55%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0%, rgba(40, 5, 5, 0.6) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 40px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.visual-watermark {
  position: absolute;
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(8rem, 15vw, 13rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  opacity: 0.07;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  user-select: none;
  pointer-events: none;
  right: -20px;
  bottom: -20px;
  line-height: 0.85;
}

.visual-seal {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 2px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.4);
  padding: 34px 28px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow:
    0 16px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  max-width: 260px;
  width: 100%;
}

.seal-icon {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-color), #E5B208);
  color: #1A1A1A;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.seal-vol {
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.seal-freq {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* 2. FILTER BAR */
.news-filter-wrapper {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.filter-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
}

.filter-heading h3 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.filter-eyebrow {
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.filter-live-counter {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--text-medium);
}

.filter-live-counter strong {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.filter-pills-bar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.filter-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 9px 18px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border: 1.5px solid #E5E7EB;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
  font-family: inherit;
}

.filter-pill:hover {
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  background: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.04);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.filter-pill.active {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-weight: 700;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.28);
}

.pill-count {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  padding: 2px 7px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

.filter-pill.active .pill-count {
  background: var(--accent-color);
  color: #1A1A1A;
}

.pill-dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.dot-bm {
  background: #8B1A1A;
}

.dot-st {
  background: #1F5F8B;
}

.dot-law {
  background: #7A6200;
}

.dot-hes {
  background: #2E7D32;
}

.dot-ssh {
  background: #6A3D9A;
}

.dot-srd {
  background: #B45F17;
}

/* 3. UPDATE CARDS GRID */
.news-cards-grid,
.news-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 32px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.news-card {
  --journal-accent: var(--primary-color);
  background: var(--bg-light, #FFFFFF);
  border: 1px solid rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.08);
  border-top: 3.5px solid var(--journal-accent);
  border-radius: 16px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow:
    0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03),
    0 12px 28px -16px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.16);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1), box-shadow 0.35s ease, opacity 0.35s ease;
  position: relative;
}

.news-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-8px);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 48px -14px rgba(60, 10, 10, 0.22);
}

/* Journal Accent Color Presets */
.news-card.card-bm {
  --journal-accent: #8B1A1A;
}

.news-card.card-st {
  --journal-accent: #1F5F8B;
}

.news-card.card-law {
  --journal-accent: #7A6200;
}

.news-card.card-hes {
  --journal-accent: #2E7D32;
}

.news-card.card-ssh {
  --journal-accent: #6A3D9A;
}

.news-card.card-srd {
  --journal-accent: #B45F17;
}

/* Visual Banner — Replaces Clipart completely */
.news-banner,
.news-img {
  height: 185px;
  position: relative;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 80% 20%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18) 0%, transparent 50%),
    linear-gradient(140deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--journal-accent) 70%, #000) 0%, var(--journal-accent) 55%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--journal-accent) 70%, #fff) 120%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  user-select: none;
}

.banner-watermark {
  position: absolute;
  right: 12px;
  bottom: -6px;
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
  font-size: 5.5rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  opacity: 0.14;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  line-height: 0.85;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.banner-icon-disc {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  width: 58px;
  height: 58px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
  transition: transform 0.35s ease;
}

.news-card:hover .banner-icon-disc {
  transform: scale(1.1) rotate(-3deg);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
}

.news-category-tag,
.news-tag {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 14px;
  left: 14px;
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
  color: #1A1A1A;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
  z-index: 3;
}

.news-status-tag {
  position: absolute;
  top: 14px;
  right: 14px;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  z-index: 3;
}

/* Card Body */
.news-card-body,
.news-content {
  padding: 24px 26px 20px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.news-card-meta,
.news-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: #71717A;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.news-card-meta span,
.news-meta span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
}

.news-card h3 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1.16rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.news-card p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.news-card-footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  margin-top: auto;
}

.news-action-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.news-action-link i {
  font-size: 1rem;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

.news-action-link:hover {
  color: var(--primary-hover);
}

.news-action-link:hover i {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

.news-issue-tag {
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #9CA3AF;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* 4. LOAD MORE BAR */
.news-load-more-wrap {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.btn-load-more {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 13px 32px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--primary-color);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.08);
  font-family: inherit;
}

.btn-load-more:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.25);
}

.btn-load-more:disabled {
  opacity: 0.55;
  cursor: not-allowed;
  transform: none;
}

/* RESPONSIVE NEWS STYLES */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .featured-update-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .featured-update-visual {
    border-left: none;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding: 36px 24px;
  }

  .news-cards-grid,
  .news-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .news-hub-section,
  .news-section {
    padding: 60px 0 90px;
  }

  .featured-update-content {
    padding: 34px 24px;
  }

  .featured-update-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.55rem;
  }

  .news-cards-grid,
  .news-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .filter-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Contact Section — Bespoke Editorial Secretariat & Inquiry Console
   ========================================================================== */
.contact-section {
  padding: 32px 0 90px;
  scroll-margin-top: 88px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 10% 20%, rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.04) 0%, transparent 45%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 90% 80%, rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.05) 0%, transparent 45%),
    #F9F8F5;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.contact-header-center {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 auto 34px;
}

.contact-header-center h2 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}

.contact-header-center p {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Master Dual-Chamber Editorial Console */
.editorial-console {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.35fr;
  background: var(--bg-light);
  border-radius: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.12);
  box-shadow:
    0 24px 70px -20px rgba(60, 10, 10, 0.14),
    0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

/* LEFT CHAMBER: The Editorial Secretariat (Burgundy Signature) */
.editorial-chamber.editorial-directory {
  background: linear-gradient(155deg, #5A0A0A 0%, #800000 52%, #420606 100%);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  padding: 48px 42px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Subtle background academic crest grid pattern */
.editorial-directory::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    radial-gradient(circle at 85% 15%, rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.12) 0%, transparent 40%),
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 100% 100%, 32px 32px, 32px 32px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.chamber-head {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}

.chamber-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.16);
  color: var(--accent-color);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.35);
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.chamber-head h3 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.chamber-head p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Directory Channel Cards */
.chamber-channels {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}

.channel-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.13);
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
  position: relative;
}

.channel-card:not(.non-interactive):hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  border-color: rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.55);
  transform: translateY(-2px) translateX(3px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);
}

.channel-icon {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.channel-card:not(.non-interactive):hover .channel-icon {
  background: var(--accent-color);
  color: #1a1a1a;
  transform: scale(1.06);
}

.channel-content {
  flex-grow: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.channel-label {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.channel-value {
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  line-height: 1.3;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.channel-meta {
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.channel-arrow {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.channel-card:hover .channel-arrow {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  transform: translate(3px, -3px);
}

/* Left Chamber Assurance Footnote */
.chamber-assurance {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 16px 18px;
}

.assurance-status {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.live-dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #22c55e;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.6);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.live-dot.pulse {
  animation: livePulse 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes livePulse {
  0% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.7);
  }

  70% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 8px rgba(34, 197, 94, 0);
  }

  100% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(34, 197, 94, 0);
  }
}

.assurance-note {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.assurance-note i {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-top: 1px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* RIGHT CHAMBER: Digital Inquiry Terminal */
.editorial-chamber.editorial-terminal {
  background: #FFFFFF;
  padding: 48px 46px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.terminal-head {
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}

.terminal-tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.terminal-head h3 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.terminal-head p {
  color: var(--text-medium);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* Topic Selection Chips */
.topic-selection-wrap {
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.topic-selection-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.topic-chips {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

.topic-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border-radius: 24px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border: 1.5px solid #E5E7EB;
  background: #F9FAFB;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.22s ease;
  font-family: inherit;
}

.topic-chip i {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #9CA3AF;
  transition: color 0.22s ease;
}

.topic-chip:hover {
  border-color: #D1D5DB;
  background: #F3F4F6;
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

.topic-chip.active {
  background: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.08);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 700;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.12);
}

.topic-chip.active i {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* Input Fields with Integrated Icons */
.input-with-icon,
.select-with-icon {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.input-with-icon .input-icon,
.select-with-icon .input-icon {
  position: absolute;
  left: 15px;
  color: #9CA3AF;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: color 0.25s ease;
  z-index: 2;
}

.input-with-icon .form-control,
.select-with-icon .form-control {
  padding-left: 44px;
}

.input-with-icon .form-control:focus~.input-icon,
.input-with-icon .form-control:focus+.input-icon,
.select-with-icon .form-control:focus~.input-icon,
.select-with-icon .form-control:focus+.input-icon {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* High-Impact Editorial Submit Button */
.form-submit-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn-editorial-submit {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 14px 32px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #8B1A1A 0%, #6E1414 100%);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.35);
  border-radius: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.3);
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1);
  font-family: inherit;
}

.btn-editorial-submit i {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-editorial-submit:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #A01F1F 0%, #7E1414 100%);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.42);
  border-color: var(--accent-color);
}

.btn-editorial-submit:hover i {
  transform: translate(3px, -2px);
}

.btn-editorial-submit:active {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.form-privacy-note {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: #6B7280;
}

.form-privacy-note i {
  color: #10B981;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Legacy / Shared Fallbacks for submit.html */
.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.1fr;
  gap: 70px;
  align-items: start;
}

.contact-info h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.5px;
}

.contact-info>p {
  margin-bottom: 35px;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #555;
  max-width: 480px;
}

.info-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  background-color: var(--bg-light);
  padding: 18px 22px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  border-radius: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
}

.info-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.25);
}

.info-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.12), rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.05));
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 12px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
}

.info-text span {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #999;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.info-text strong {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

.contact-form-card {
  background: var(--bg-light);
  padding: 42px 40px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  border-radius: 18px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
}

.form-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.form-group label {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.form-group label span {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.form-control {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 13px 16px;
  border: 1.5px solid #E5E7EB;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  background-color: #FAFAFA;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  transition: border-color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.form-control::placeholder {
  color: #9CA3AF;
}

.form-control:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.08);
}

textarea.form-control {
  resize: vertical;
  min-height: 120px;
}

.btn-block {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 15px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--text-dark), #1c1d20);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-block:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), #a52424);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.3);
}

.form-feedback {
  margin-top: 15px;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  text-align: center;
  display: none;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.form-feedback.error {
  background: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.2);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  display: block;
}

.form-feedback.success {
  background: rgba(46, 125, 50, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(46, 125, 50, 0.2);
  color: #2e7d32;
  display: block;
}

/* Responsive Console */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .editorial-console {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .editorial-chamber.editorial-directory {
    padding: 40px 32px;
  }

  .editorial-chamber.editorial-terminal {
    padding: 40px 32px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .contact-section {
    padding: 70px 0 80px;
  }

  .editorial-console {
    border-radius: 18px;
  }

  .editorial-chamber.editorial-directory {
    padding: 30px 20px;
  }

  .editorial-chamber.editorial-terminal {
    padding: 30px 20px;
  }

  .form-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .form-submit-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .btn-editorial-submit {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .topic-chips {
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .topic-chip {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    padding: 6px 11px;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Footer — matches journals home section palette
   ========================================================================== */
.footer {
  background-color: #383a3e;
  color: #c5c8cc;
  padding: 0 0 0;
  position: relative;
  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
}
/* Slim brand accent line across the top */
.footer::before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color) 0%, #c22a2a 45%, rgba(194, 42, 42, 0) 100%);
}
.footer .container {
  padding-top: 56px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr 1.3fr;
  gap: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}
.footer-brand {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.footer-brand img {
  height: 48px;
  filter: none;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  opacity: 1;
  align-self: flex-start;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.footer-brand p {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: #c5c8cc;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  max-width: 320px;
}
.footer-socials {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.footer-socials a {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #4f545c;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #c5c8cc;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  transition: background 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
}
.footer-socials a:hover {
  background: #800000;
  border-color: #800000;
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.footer-socials i {
  line-height: 1;
}

.footer-links h4,
.footer-contact h4,
.footer-newsletter h4 {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem 0;
  display: inline-block;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 6px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.footer-links ul {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 4px;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}
.footer-links a {
  color: #c5c8cc;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.footer-links a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

.footer-contact {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}
.footer-contact-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.footer-contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 12px;
  color: #c5c8cc;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.footer-contact-item .footer-contact-icon {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
  color: #ffffff;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.footer-contact-item .footer-contact-icon i {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  stroke-width: 2;
}
.footer-contact-item a {
  color: #c5c8cc;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.footer-contact-item a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-newsletter p {
  color: #c5c8cc;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin: 4px 0 18px;
}
.newsletter-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
}
.newsletter-form input {
  flex-grow: 1;
  padding: 11px 14px;
  background-color: #4f545c;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 6px;
  outline: none;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
  min-width: 0;
}
.newsletter-form input::placeholder {
  color: #a0a6ae;
}
.newsletter-form input:focus {
  outline: none;
  background-color: #555b64;
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.newsletter-form button {
  padding: 11px 18px;
  background-color: #800000;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.newsletter-form button:hover {
  background-color: #990000;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(128, 0, 0, 0.35);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.newsletter-note {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: #a0a6ae;
  margin-top: 10px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.footer-bottom {
  text-align: center;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background-color: #800000;
  margin-top: 8px;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.footer-bottom a {
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}
.footer-bottom a:hover {
  opacity: 0.85;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Back to Top
   ========================================================================== */
#backToTop {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 30px;
  right: 30px;
  width: 45px;
  height: 45px;
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s;
  z-index: 1000;
}

#backToTop.show {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

#backToTop:hover {
  background-color: var(--primary-hover);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Responsive
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {

  .cards-grid,
  .news-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }

  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {

  .about-grid,
  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .section-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .nav-links {
    display: none;
    /* Hide for mobile in this simple version, could add hamburger */
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .cards-grid,
  .news-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }

  .form-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .contact-form-card {
    padding: 30px 22px;
    border-radius: 14px;
  }

  .feature-tiles {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 36px;
  }

  .newsletter-form {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .newsletter-form button {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Page Fade-In Animation
   Only content below the fixed navbar fades in.
   Uses CSS animation (no JS dependency for the animation itself).
   ========================================================================== */
@keyframes pageFadeIn {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(8px);
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

body>section,
body>footer {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(8px);
  animation: pageFadeIn 0.4s ease-out 0.05s forwards;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Scroll Animations: fade-in, slide-up, slide-left/right, parallax
   Elements with [data-reveal] animate in when they enter the viewport.
   Elements with [data-parallax] drift with the scroll position.
   ========================================================================== */

/* --- Reveal states (before JS marks them visible) --- */
[data-reveal] {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(40px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1),
    transform 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1);
  transition-delay: var(--reveal-delay, 0ms);
  will-change: opacity, transform;
}

[data-reveal][data-reveal-dir="left"] {
  transform: translateX(-50px);
}

[data-reveal][data-reveal-dir="right"] {
  transform: translateX(50px);
}

[data-reveal].revealed {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate(0, 0);
}

/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  [data-reveal] {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }

  .hero-shape,
  .hero-bg {
    transform: none !important;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Hero — split editorial layout
   Left: solid maroon panel (text, CTAs, credibility strip)
   Right: full-bleed campus photo with rounded/diagonal framing
   ========================================================================== */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(150deg, #5c1010 0%, var(--primary-color) 48%, #7d1616 100%);
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 64px 0 96px;
  color: #fff;
}

/* Soft radial warmth behind the text panel */
.hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -30%;
  left: -10%;
  width: 55%;
  height: 120%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.07) 0%, transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 56px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero-content {
  text-align: left;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.4);
  color: var(--accent-color);
  padding: 8px 18px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1.2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}

.hero h1 {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4.8vw, 3.9rem);
  line-height: 1.1;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.hero-highlight {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-color), #ffe98a);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
}

.hero p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  max-width: 520px;
  margin: 0 0 34px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
}

.hero-buttons {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.hero-buttons .btn i {
  margin-right: 6px;
  vertical-align: -2px;
}

/* --- Credibility strip beneath CTAs --- */
.hero-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, auto);
  justify-content: start;
  gap: 12px 0;
  margin-top: 52px;
  padding-top: 28px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
}

.hero-stat {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  padding-right: 28px;
  margin-right: 28px;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  text-align: left;
}

.hero-stat:last-child {
  border-right: none;
  margin-right: 0;
  padding-right: 0;
}

.hero-stat>i {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.hero-stat .stat-num {
  display: block;
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: #fff;
}

.hero-stat .stat-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* --- Right visual: framed photo --- */
.hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 480px;
}

.hero-visual img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 30%;
  border-radius: 200px 24px 24px 24px;
  box-shadow: 24px 24px 64px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}

/* Gold corner accent */
.hero-visual::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -14px;
  left: -14px;
  width: 130px;
  height: 130px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-color);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent-color);
  border-bottom-left-radius: 24px;
  opacity: 0.85;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-visual-caption {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 22px;
  left: 22px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  background: rgba(20, 8, 8, 0.62);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  border-radius: 30px;
}

.hero-visual-caption i {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

/* Responsive: stack on mobile — text first, image below */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .hero {
    padding: 56px 0 72px;
  }

  .hero-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 44px;
  }

  .hero-visual {
    min-height: 340px;
    order: 2;
  }

  .hero-visual img {
    position: relative;
    border-radius: 120px 16px 16px 16px;
  }

  .hero-stats {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 20px 16px;
  }

  .hero-stat {
    border-right: none;
    margin-right: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero-visual {
    min-height: 240px;
  }

  .hero-visual img {
    border-radius: 70px 12px 12px 12px;
  }

  .hero-visual::after {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    bottom: -10px;
    left: -10px;
  }

  .hero-stat .stat-label {
    white-space: normal;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Display typography refinement (Fraunces for headings, loaded via <link>)
   ========================================================================== */
.hero h1 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 4.2rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.about-content h2,
.section-header h2 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Page hero — for interior pages (about, journals, news, contact)
   Features authentic IUEA university auditorium & leadership photo
   ========================================================================== */
.page-hero {
  position: relative;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(64, 8, 8, 0.74) 0%, rgba(120, 0, 0, 0.80) 50%, rgba(36, 5, 5, 0.86) 100%),
    url('../assets/images/herojournals1.png') center 42% / cover no-repeat;
  padding: 105px 0 95px;
  text-align: center;
  color: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.page-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 30%, rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.12) 0%, transparent 65%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.page-hero h1 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4.5vw, 3.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  position: relative;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}

.page-hero p {
  max-width: 640px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  position: relative;
}

.page-hero .hero-curve {
  position: absolute;
}

.page-hero .page-hero-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.35);
  color: var(--accent-color);
  padding: 7px 18px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1.4px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Credibility: trust strip (indexing badges) & journal card badges
   ========================================================================== */
.trust-strip {
  background: var(--bg-light);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.08);
  padding: 26px 0;
}

.trust-strip-inner {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 16px 40px;
}

.trust-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.trust-item i {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.trust-item small {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #8a8a8a;
  letter-spacing: 0.4px;
}

/* Badges on journal cards */
.journal-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.journal-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 4px 11px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.07);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.journal-badge.gold {
  background: rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.18);
  color: #7a6200;
}

.journal-badge i {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

/* Journal card cover strip (per-journal accent art) */
.journal-cover {
  height: 8px;
  width: 56px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .trust-strip-inner {
    gap: 14px 24px;
  }

  .trust-item {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Journal cards — 3D book/cover realism (journals.html)
   Each cover reads as a physical journal: spine edge, standing shadow,
   tilt-straighten on hover. Metadata lives in a clean info panel.
   ========================================================================== */
.journal-card {
  background: var(--bg-light);
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.07);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04), 0 12px 28px -18px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.18);
  padding: 28px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1), box-shadow 0.35s ease;
}

.journal-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  box-shadow: 0 28px 56px -18px rgba(60, 10, 10, 0.28);
}

/* --- Cover wrap: gives the cover room for its standing shadow --- */
.jc-cover-wrap {
  padding: 10px 22px 20px 6px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.jc-cover {
  --jc: var(--primary-color);
  /* per-journal accent via inline style */
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  border-radius: 4px 10px 10px 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 20px 18px 16px 30px;
  color: #fff;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 85% 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16) 0%, transparent 45%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 10% 90%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) 0%, transparent 50%),
    linear-gradient(155deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--jc) 78%, #000) 0%, var(--jc) 55%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--jc) 70%, #fff) 130%);
  box-shadow:
    /* standing-book drop shadow beneath */
    10px 14px 0 -4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--jc) 40%, #000),
    10px 14px 0 -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9),
    10px 14px 0 -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05),
    14px 20px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
  transform: perspective(900px) rotateY(-7deg) rotateX(1deg);
  transform-origin: left center;
  transition: transform 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1), box-shadow 0.45s ease;
  will-change: transform;
}

/* Straightens upright on hover — "picking it up" */
.journal-card:hover .jc-cover {
  transform: perspective(900px) rotateY(0deg) rotateX(0deg) translateY(-6px);
  box-shadow:
    8px 10px 0 -4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--jc) 40%, #000),
    8px 10px 0 -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9),
    8px 10px 0 -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05),
    18px 30px 44px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

/* Spine: thin left edge with highlight, like a bound volume */
.jc-spine {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: 14px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) 0%,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22) 45%,
      rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18) 70%,
      transparent 100%);
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

/* Subtle surface pattern for print-like texture */
.jc-pattern {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 22px 22px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.jc-cover-head {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
}

.jc-cover-head i {
  font-size: 1.9rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.jc-vol {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1.4px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.jc-cover-title {
  position: relative;
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}

.jc-cover-foot {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px;
}

.jc-cover-foot>span:first-child {
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.8px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.75;
  line-height: 1.35;
  max-width: 55%;
}

/* Acronym ribbon: embossed gold tag stitched to the cover's bottom edge */
.jc-ribbon {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffd23f, var(--accent-color));
  color: #1a1a1a;
  font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.66rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  padding: 5px 12px 5px 9px;
  border-radius: 3px 8px 8px 3px;
  box-shadow:
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55),
    inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15),
    2px 3px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

/* Flagship marker on the featured journal */
.journal-card[data-featured] .jc-ribbon::before {
  content: "\2605 ";
  /* ★ */
  color: #7a6200;
}

/* --- Info panel: structured metadata below the cover --- */
.jc-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.jc-info h3 {
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.jc-scope {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.jc-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 16px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.1);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.jc-meta span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  font-variant-caps: all-small-caps;
  letter-spacing: 0.6px;
}

.jc-meta span i {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.jc-meta span.gold i {
  color: #b98e00;
}

.jc-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 11px 18px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.06);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: background 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
}

.jc-cta i {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.jc-cta:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.3);
}

.jc-cta:hover i {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* Featured journal: subtly elevated within the grid */
.journal-card[data-featured] {
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 197, 24, 0.55);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04), 0 16px 36px -18px rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.3);
}

.journal-card[data-featured] .jc-info h3 {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* Responsive: grid collapses 3 → 2 → 1 */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .cards-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .cards-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .jc-cover-wrap {
    padding-right: 14px;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Journals carousel — auto-scrolling marquee + expand-to-detail overlay
   ========================================================================== */
.journals-carousel-section {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.jc-carousel {
  position: relative;
}

.jc-viewport {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.jc-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  width: max-content;
  padding: 18px 14px 26px;
  will-change: transform;
}

.jc-track.is-dragging {
  cursor: grabbing;
  user-select: none;
}

.jc-track.is-dragging .journal-card {
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Cards inside the carousel: fixed width, grid overrides don't apply */
.jc-track .journal-card {
  width: 360px;
  min-width: 360px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  cursor: pointer;
  scroll-snap-align: center;
}

.jc-track .journal-card:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

/* Duplicate-set half: marked when JS builds the seamless loop */
.jc-track .journal-card.is-clone {}

/* --- View Toggle Button --- */
.jc-view-toggle {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.jc-view-toggle .btn {
  border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  background: transparent;
  gap: 8px;
}

.jc-view-toggle .btn:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: #fff;
}

/* --- Grid View Mode --- */
.journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-carousel::before,
.journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-carousel::after,
.journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-arrow {
  display: none;
}

.journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-viewport {
  overflow: visible;
}

.journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-track {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 30px;
  width: 100%;
  transform: none !important;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
  padding: 0;
}

.journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-track .journal-card {
  width: auto;
  min-width: 0;
}

.journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-track .journal-card.is-clone {
  display: none;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-track {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .journals-carousel-section.is-grid-view .jc-track {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* --- Prev / next arrows --- */
.jc-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  z-index: 5;
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: none;
  background: var(--bg-light);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
  transition: background 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease, opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease;
}

.jc-arrow:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--text-light);
}

.jc-arrow-left {
  left: -14px;
}

.jc-arrow-right {
  right: -14px;
}

/* Edge fade so cards dissolve into the page on both sides */
.jc-carousel::before,
.jc-carousel::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 90px;
  z-index: 4;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.jc-carousel::before {
  left: -4px;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--bg-light), transparent);
}

.jc-carousel::after {
  right: -4px;
  background: linear-gradient(to left, var(--bg-light), transparent);
}

/* --- Expand-to-detail overlay --- */
.jc-overlay {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 24px;
}

.jc-overlay[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.jc-overlay-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(20, 16, 12, 0.55);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.jc-overlay.is-open .jc-overlay-backdrop {
  opacity: 1;
}

.jc-detail {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  width: min(920px, 100%);
  max-height: min(88vh, 640px);
  background: var(--bg-light);
  border-radius: 18px;
  padding: 38px 40px;
  box-shadow: 0 30px 80px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(26px) scale(0.97);
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.jc-overlay.is-open .jc-detail {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}

.jc-detail-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 14px;
  right: 14px;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: none;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: background 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
}

.jc-detail-close:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--text-light);
}

/* The cover is cloned from the clicked card and animated into the panel */
.jc-detail-cover {
  flex: 0 0 300px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

.jc-detail-cover .jc-cover {
  position: static;
  width: 280px;
  height: 380px;
  transform: none;
}

.jc-detail-cover .jc-cover:hover {
  transform: none;
}

.jc-detail-body {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.jc-detail-body h2 {
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  margin: 8px 0 14px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.jc-detail .jc-scope {
  color: var(--text-muted, #555);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.jc-detail-latest {
  margin-top: 18px;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.jc-detail-latest h4 {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-muted, #777);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.jc-detail-latest ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.jc-detail-latest li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  padding: 4px 0;
}

.jc-detail-latest li i {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.jc-detail-latest li span:last-child {
  color: var(--text-muted, #777);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.jc-detail-cta {
  margin-top: 22px;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .jc-detail {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    overflow-y: auto;
    gap: 22px;
    padding: 28px 24px;
  }

  .jc-detail-cover {
    flex: none;
  }

  .jc-detail-cover .jc-cover {
    width: 220px;
    height: 300px;
  }

  .jc-detail-body h2 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }

  .jc-arrow {
    display: none;
  }

  .jc-track {
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .jc-track .journal-card {
    width: 300px;
    min-width: 300px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .jc-track {
    animation: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }

  .jc-overlay .jc-overlay-backdrop,
  .jc-overlay .jc-detail {
    transition: none;
  }
}

/* Journals intro — breathing space between maroon hero and cover carousel */
.journals-intro {
  background: #fff;
  text-align: center;
  padding: clamp(2.2rem, 4.5vw, 3.8rem) 0 clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
}

.journals-intro h2 {
  font-family: 'Fraunces', Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.8rem);
  margin: 0.5rem 0 1rem;
}

.journals-intro p {
  max-width: 730px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--text-muted, #555);
}

/* Journals intro — refined copy layout */
.journals-intro h2 {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.ji-highlight {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), #b5292b 60%, #c9a227);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
}

.journals-intro .ji-lead {
  max-width: 740px;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  color: var(--text-medium, #555);
}

.ji-points {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 2.2rem auto 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.9rem 2.4rem;
  max-width: 900px;
}

.ji-points li {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-medium, #555);
}

.ji-points li i {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ji-points li strong {
  color: var(--text-dark, #1a1a1a);
  font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .ji-points {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Journal Detail Page Layout (Card Based)
   ========================================================================== */

.journal-page-bg {
  background-color: #f4f5f7;
  padding: 40px 0 80px;
  min-height: 100vh;
}

.journal-layout-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: start;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .journal-layout-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Reusable Card Style */
.kiu-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 30px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

/* Sidebar Specifics */
.journal-sidebar {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.sidebar-main-card h2 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-family: 'Fraunces', serif;
}

.sidebar-main-card .badge-acronym {
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.sidebar-data-blocks {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
}

.data-block {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}

.db-label {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.db-value {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.sidebar-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
}

.sidebar-btn {
  width: 100%;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 10px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
}

.btn-outline-primary {
  border: 1px solid var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  background: transparent;
}
.btn-outline-primary:hover {
  background: rgba(139, 26, 26, 0.05);
}

.sidebar-links-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

.quick-links-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
}

.quick-links-list a {
  color: var(--text-medium);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: color 0.2s;
}

.quick-links-list a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* Main Content Specifics */
.journal-main-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.header-card {
  padding: 40px;
}

.header-card h1 {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.header-publisher {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.header-meta {
  display: flex;
  gap: 16px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-medium);
  align-items: center;
}

.header-meta span {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.header-meta i {
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

.desc-card h2,
.articles-card h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: var(--text-dark);
}

.lead-text p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--text-medium);
}

/* Article List tweaks for cards */
.article-list li {
  background: #f9fafb;
  border: none;
}